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NEW QUESTION 54
SIMULATION
a. Retrieve the content of the existing secret named default-token-xxxxx in the testing namespace.
Store the value of the token in the token.txt
b. Create a new secret named test-db-secret in the DB namespace with the following content:
username: mysql
password: password@123
Create the Pod name test-db-pod of image nginx in the namespace db that can access test-db-secret via a volume at path /etc/mysql-credentials
**Answer: **
Explanation:
To add a Kubernetes cluster to your project, group, or instance:
Navigate to your:
Project's Operations > Kubernetes page, for a project-level cluster.
Group's Kubernetes page, for a group-level cluster.
Admin Area > Kubernetes page, for an instance-level cluster.
Click Add Kubernetes cluster.
Click the Add existing cluster tab and fill in the details:
Kubernetes cluster name (required) - The name you wish to give the cluster.
Environment scope (required) - The associated environment to this cluster.
API URL (required) - It's the URL that GitLab uses to access the Kubernetes API. Kubernetes exposes several APIs, we want the "base" URL that is common to all of them. For example, https://kubernetes.example.com rather than https://kubernetes.example.com/api/v1.
Get the API URL by running this command:
kubectl cluster-info | grep -E 'Kubernetes master|Kubernetes control plane' | awk '/http/ {print $NF}' CA certificate (required) - A valid Kubernetes certificate is needed to authenticate to the cluster. We use the certificate created by default.
List the secrets with kubectl get secrets, and one should be named similar to default-token-xxxxx. Copy that token name for use below.
Get the certificate by running this command:
kubectl get secret <secret name> -o jsonpath="{['data']['ca.crt']}"
 
NEW QUESTION 55
Fix all issues via configuration and restart the affected components to ensure the new setting takes effect.
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the API server:- a. Ensure the --authorization-mode argument includes RBAC b. Ensure the --authorization-mode argument includes Node c. Ensure that the --profiling argument is set to false Fix all of the following violations that were found against the Kubelet:- a. Ensure the --anonymous-auth argument is set to false.
b. Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument is set to Webhook.
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the ETCD:-
a. Ensure that the --auto-tls argument is not set to true
Hint: Take the use of Tool Kube-Bench
**Answer: **
Explanation:
API server:
Ensure the --authorization-mode argument includes RBAC
Turn on Role Based Access Control. Role Based Access Control (RBAC) allows fine-grained control over the operations that different entities can perform on different objects in the cluster. It is recommended to use the RBAC authorization mode.
Fix - Buildtime
Kubernetes
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
component: kube-apiserver
tier: control-plane
name: kube-apiserver
namespace: kube-system
spec:
containers:

• command:

• • kube-apiserver
• • --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node
    image: gcr.io/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.6.0
    livenessProbe:
    failureThreshold: 8
    httpGet:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    path: /healthz
    port: 6443
    scheme: HTTPS
    initialDelaySeconds: 15
    timeoutSeconds: 15
    name: kube-apiserver-should-pass
    resources:
    requests:
    cpu: 250m
    volumeMounts:

• mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/
  name: k8s
  readOnly: true
• mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
  name: certs
• mountPath: /etc/pki
  name: pki
  hostNetwork: true
  volumes:
• hostPath:
  path: /etc/kubernetes
  name: k8s
• hostPath:
  path: /etc/ssl/certs
  name: certs
• hostPath:
  path: /etc/pki
  name: pki
  Ensure the --authorization-mode argument includes Node
  Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the master node and set the --authorization-mode parameter to a value that includes Node.
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
  Audit:
  /bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grep
  Expected result:
  'Node,RBAC' has 'Node'
  Ensure that the --profiling argument is set to false
  Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the master node and set the below parameter.
  --profiling=false
  Audit:
  /bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grep
  Expected result:
  'false' is equal to 'false'
  Fix all of the following violations that were found against the Kubelet:- Ensure the --anonymous-auth argument is set to false.
  Remediation: If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set authentication: anonymous: enabled to false. If using executable arguments, edit the kubelet service file /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and set the below parameter in KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
  --anonymous-auth=false
  Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example:
  systemctl daemon-reload
  systemctl restart kubelet.service
  Audit:
  /bin/ps -fC kubelet
  Audit Config:
  /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
  Expected result:
  'false' is equal to 'false'

2. Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument is set to Webhook.
   Audit
   docker inspect kubelet | jq -e '.[0].Args[] | match("--authorization-mode=Webhook").string' Returned Value: --authorization-mode=Webhook Fix all of the following violations that were found against the ETCD:- a. Ensure that the --auto-tls argument is not set to true Do not use self-signed certificates for TLS. etcd is a highly-available key value store used by Kubernetes deployments for persistent storage of all of its REST API objects. These objects are sensitive in nature and should not be available to unauthenticated clients. You should enable the client authentication via valid certificates to secure the access to the etcd service.
   Fix - Buildtime
   Kubernetes
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   metadata:
   annotations:
   scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ""
   creationTimestamp: null
   labels:
   component: etcd
   tier: control-plane
   name: etcd
   namespace: kube-system
   spec:
   containers:

• command:

• • etcd
• • --auto-tls=true
    image: k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64:3.2.18
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    livenessProbe:
    exec:
    command:

• /bin/sh
• -ec
• ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --endpoints=https://[192.168.22.9]:2379 --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
  --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/healthcheck-client.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/healthcheck-client.key get foo failureThreshold: 8 initialDelaySeconds: 15 timeoutSeconds: 15 name: etcd-should-fail resources: {} volumeMounts:
• mountPath: /var/lib/etcd
  name: etcd-data
• mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
  name: etcd-certs
  hostNetwork: true
  priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
  volumes:
• hostPath:
  path: /var/lib/etcd
  type: DirectoryOrCreate
  name: etcd-data
• hostPath:
  path: /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
  type: DirectoryOrCreate
  name: etcd-certs
  status: {}
  Explanation:
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  NEW QUESTION 56
  Before Making any changes build the Dockerfile with tag base:v1
  Now Analyze and edit the given Dockerfile(based on ubuntu 16:04)
  Fixing two instructions present in the file, Check from Security Aspect and Reduce Size point of view.
  Dockerfile:
  FROM ubuntu:latest
  RUN apt-get update -y
  RUN apt install nginx -y
  COPY entrypoint.sh /
  RUN useradd ubuntu
  ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]
  USER ubuntu
  entrypoint.sh
  #!/bin/bash
  echo "Hello from CKS"
  After fixing the Dockerfile, build the docker-image with the tag base:v2

• A. To Verify: Check the size of the image before and after the build.

Answer: A
 
NEW QUESTION 57
SIMULATION
A container image scanner is set up on the cluster.
Given an incomplete configuration in the directory
/etc/Kubernetes/confcontrol and a functional container image scanner with HTTPS endpoint https://acme.local.8081/image_policy

1. Enable the admission plugin.
2. Validate the control configuration and change it to implicit deny.
   Finally, test the configuration by deploying the pod having the image tag as the latest.

• A. Send us the Feedback on it.

Answer: A
 
NEW QUESTION 58
......